View source for Concrete to Abstract (Montessori)

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'''Concrete to Abstract''' is a principle in Montessori education where learning progresses from tangible, hands-on experiences to more abstract concepts.<ref>Montessori, M. (1949). The Absorbent Mind. Clio Press.</ref> The child initially interacts with concrete materials that represent an abstract idea, like size or colour. As the child develops, they are able to understand these ideas in symbolic or abstract forms.

== Montessori Quotes == <!--T:2-->

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*"There is nothing in the intellect which was not first in some way in the senses." <ref>Montessori, M. (1948). To Educate the Human Potential. A. C. Fifield.</ref>

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*"The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."<ref>Montessori, M. (1936). The Secret of Childhood. Longmans, Green and Co.</ref>

== Research and Critiques == <!--T:5-->

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*'''Pros''': The concrete to abstract progression aligns with child development research, which suggests that tangible experiences support cognitive development and conceptual understanding.<ref>Lillard, A. (2017). Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius. Oxford University Press.</ref>

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*'''Cons''': Some critics argue that this approach might not cater to all children, especially those who can understand abstract concepts without the need for concrete representation.<ref>Egan, K. (2002). Getting it wrong from the beginning: Our progressivist inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. Yale University Press.</ref>

== Comparisons to Other Methods == <!--T:8-->

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Many traditional teaching methods simultaneously introduce concrete and abstract forms of an idea, which contrasts with the Montessori method's sequential progression from concrete to abstract.<ref>Mooney, C. (2013). Theories of Childhood, Second Edition: An Introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erikson, Piaget & Vygotsky. Redleaf Press.</ref>

== See Also == <!--T:10-->

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*[[Montessori Method]]
*[[Sensorial Education (Montessori)]]
*[[Prepared Environment (Montessori)]]

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{{Glossary of Montessori Terms}}

== References == <!--T:13-->

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